Racism in Europe is not just a relic of the past; it is still very much alive today. A recent survey conducted by The European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) found that nearly half of Black people in the EU have faced discrimination, a sharp rise compared to the last report in 2018. The results of this survey highlight the daily struggles that many people of African descent experience in Europe, from being denied job opportunities to being harassed or even physically attacked.
As an African traveler who has visited many European countries (including Germany, Austria, Finland, Italy, Malta, and Netherlands) I have personally witnessed and, at times, experienced this racial discrimination. While Europe has a rich culture and many welcoming people, the reality is that some places are far less inclusive than others. Let’s dive into the countries where racism appears to be the most severe, based on the FRA’s findings.
1. Austria – The Most Racist Country in Europe? (67%)
Austria recorded the highest percentage of discrimination against Black people in the survey, with 67% of respondents stating they had faced racism in the past year. As someone who has been to Austria, I can say that while it is a beautiful country, the attitude towards people of African descent can be unwelcoming. I remember walking through Vienna and feeling a sense of being watched more than in other European capitals.
The rise of far-right politics in Austria has fueled anti-immigrant sentiments, making it even harder for Black people to integrate into society. Reports of racial profiling, workplace discrimination, and difficulties in finding housing are common.
2. Germany – Not as Progressive as It Seems (65%)
Germany is often seen as one of the more progressive nations in Europe, but when it comes to racism, the reality is starkly different. 65% of Black people surveyed in Germany reported experiencing racial discrimination. Having spent a considerable amount of time in Germany, I have seen this firsthand.
One of the most noticeable aspects of racism in Germany is the job market discrimination. Many highly qualified Black professionals struggle to find work because employers hesitate to hire non-white candidates. Additionally, housing discrimination is rampant, with landlords often refusing to rent to Black tenants.
Far-right groups are also gaining more influence, leading to an increase in racist rhetoric and attacks. The AfD (Alternative for Germany) party has been openly anti-immigrant, further normalizing discrimination in public discourse.
3. Finland – A Country That’s Not as Open as It Seems (57%)
Finland may be known for its high quality of life and progressive values, but when it comes to race relations, 57% of Black residents report facing discrimination. Many Black travelers and expats in Finland describe feeling excluded from social circles, making it difficult to integrate.
Street harassment is another issue. Many Black people, especially women, have reported experiencing racial slurs and verbal abuse. The lack of representation of Black people in workplaces, media, and government positions also shows that Finland still has a long way to go.
4. Denmark – Nordic Racism is Real (47%)
Denmark, like Finland, has an image of being progressive, but 47% of Black people surveyed said they had experienced discrimination in the past year. I have noticed that while Danish people are generally polite, there is still a coldness towards Black individuals that can be hard to ignore.
A major issue in Denmark is racial profiling by the police. Many Black people living there report being stopped more frequently than white citizens, often without reason.
5. Luxembourg, Belgium & Ireland – Discrimination in Unexpected Places (44%)
These three countries might not be the first that come to mind when thinking about racism, but 44% of Black residents reported experiencing discrimination there.
- Luxembourg is a small, wealthy nation, but Black professionals struggle with career progression due to an unspoken racial bias.
- Belgium, despite its colonial history, still grapples with racism in daily life, particularly in Brussels and Antwerp.
- Ireland, while a friendly country in many ways, still has racist attitudes that affect Black people in employment and social settings.
6. Italy – A Complex Relationship with Race (33%)
Italy has a mixed reputation when it comes to race relations. While it is known for its history, culture, and food, racism is still very present, with 33% of Black residents reporting discrimination.
In my experience, southern Italy tends to be more welcoming, whereas cities in the north like Milan and Turin can be more hostile. Football matches in Italy have often been marred by racist chants against Black players, showing that the problem runs deep in society.
7. France – Racism Behind the Facade of ‘Liberty, Equality, Fraternity’ (29%)
France has a long history of immigration and diversity, but racism remains a persistent issue. 29% of Black respondents reported discrimination, particularly in job applications and housing.
There have been multiple protests against police brutality targeting Black communities, showing that racism is deeply institutionalized. While Paris is more diverse, rural areas and small cities can feel much less welcoming to Black travelers and residents.
8. Spain, Sweden, Poland, and Portugal – The ‘Less Racist’ Countries?
According to the FRA survey, these four countries recorded the lowest percentages of reported racism:
- Spain (24%)
- Sweden (21%)
- Poland (19%)
- Portugal (17%)
While these numbers are lower, it does not mean racism is nonexistent. Spain, for example, still struggles with racism in football and immigration policies. Poland, despite its low ranking, is one of the most homogenous countries in Europe, meaning Black people often stand out and face stares or exclusion.
Racism is Everywhere, But Some Places Are Worse
The FRA report confirms what many Black people, including myself, already know: racism is still a huge problem in Europe. While some countries are worse than others, discrimination is found everywhere. It affects job opportunities, housing, social interactions, and even safety in public spaces.
The FRA report confirms what many Black people, including myself, already know: racism is still a huge problem in Europe. While some countries are worse than others, discrimination is found everywhere. It affects job opportunities, housing, social interactions, and even safety in public spaces.
The survey was conducted in 2023, but as we now step into 2025, I believe not much has changed. Despite increasing awareness, racism remains deeply embedded in European societies. Some governments have made efforts to tackle discrimination, but the reality on the ground is that Black people still face significant barriers.
Traveling as a Black person in Europe requires awareness and resilience. Some places will be more welcoming, while others might feel unwelcoming or even hostile. If you’re planning to move to or visit Europe, it’s important to research and be prepared for different experiences.
Europe has a long way to go in addressing racism, and it starts with acknowledging that the problem exists. Hopefully, with continued discussions and action, things will improve in the future.
